home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- +===================== Upgrading FreeBSD ==========================+
- | |
- | 0.0 Preface |
- | 0.1 DISCLAIMER |
- | 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE |
- | |
- | 1.0 Introduction |
- | 1.1 Upgrade Overview |
- | |
- | 2.0 Procedure |
- | 2.1 Backup |
- | 2.2 Mount Filesystems |
- | 2.3 Select Distributions |
- | 2.4 After Installation |
- | |
- | 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques |
- | |
- +=====================================================================+
-
- 0.1 DISCLAIMER
- --- ----------
-
- While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
- accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR
- ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not accept the final
- confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important
- data files.
-
- 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE
- --- --------------
-
- If you are upgrading from FreeBSD 2.2.5 or earlier, see
- section 2.4 for important details regarding changes to the
- /etc/fstab file required during the upgrade procedure.
-
- 1.0 Introduction
- --- ------------
-
- The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user
- with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves
- standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed
- packages and other software.
-
- Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this
- document in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so
- may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data.
-
- 1.1 Upgrade Overview
- --- ----------------
- Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of
- the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to
- the old distribution are not deleted.
-
- System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the
- previous version of the following files:
-
- Xaccel.ini, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab,
- csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, daily, disktab, dm.conf, exports,
- fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, host.conf, hosts,
- hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, kerberosIV, localtime, login.access,
- mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, mib.txt, modems,
- monthly, motd, namedb, networks, passwd, phones, ppp, printcap,
- profile, protocols, pwd.db, rc, rc.firewall, rc.i386, rc.local,
- rc.network, rc.conf, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, security, sendmail.cf,
- services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, supfile, syslog.conf, termcap,
- ttys, uucp, weekly
-
- The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are
- moved to /etc/upgrade/. The system administrator may peruse these new
- versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files
- are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all
- site-specific data from the current files into the new.
-
- During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a
- location into which all files from /etc/ are saved. In the event that
- local modifications have been made to other files, they may be
- subsequently retrieved from this location.
-
- 2.0 Procedure
- --- ---------
-
- This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is
- given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation.
-
- 2.1 Backup
- --- ------
-
- User data and system configuration should be backed up before
- upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent
- accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy
- data and configuration information.
-
- 2.2 Mount Filesystems
- --- -----------------
-
- The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem
- devices listed. Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator
- should make a note of the device names and corresponding mountpoints.
- These mountpoints should be entered here. DO NOT set the 'newfs flag'
- for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss.
-
- 2.3 Select Distributions
- --- --------------------
-
- When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be
- selected. As a general rule, the 'bin' distribution should be selected
- for an update, and the 'man' distribution if manpages are already
- installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally
- installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality.
-
- 2.4 After Installation
- --- ------------------
-
- Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is
- prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks
- should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. In
- particular, the /etc/rc.conf and /etc/fstab files should be checked.
-
- Read the following, but DO NOT update /etc/fstab as described below
- until the new system has booted correctly. The upgrade procedure
- replaces the previous FreeBSD kernel with a GENERIC kernel, and a custom
- kernel may need to be generated to suit the local system configuration.
-
- IMPORTANT NOTE:
- ==============
- FreeBSD 2.2.6 introduced a change in the naming of the device from
- which the root filesystem is mounted. This change affects all systems,
- however user intervention is only required for systems undergoing an
- upgrade installation from a version prior to FreeBSD 2.2.6.
-
- Previously, the root filesystem was always mounted from the
- compatibility slice, while other partitions on the same disk were
- mounted from their true slice. This might, for example, have resulted
- in an /etc/fstab file like:
-
- # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
- /dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
- /dev/wd0a / ufs rw 1 1
- /dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
- /dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
-
- For FreeBSD 2.2.6 and later, this format changes so that the device for
- '/' is consistent with others, ie.
-
- # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
- /dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
- /dev/wd0s2a / ufs rw 1 1
- /dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
- /dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
-
-
- If /etc/fstab is not updated manually in this case, the system will
- issue a warning message whenever / is mounted (normally at startup)
- indicating the change that must be made. In addition, trouble may be
- experienced if the root filesystem is not correctly unmounted, whereby
- the root filesystem will not be marked clean at the next reboot.
-
- This change should be made as soon as the upgraded system has been
- successfully rebooted.
-
- 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques
- --- ------------------------------
-
- Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and
- sophistication should take a look at the "Upgrading FreeBSD from source"
- tutorial found at http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html. This method
- requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space and spare time,
- but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations.
-